Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, NK-cells following their stimulation by bacterial LPS. TNFα activates signals through two receptors, TNFR1, which is expressed on most cell types, and TNFR2, which is expressed mainly on immune cells. TNFα can have many functions including, to stimulate of phagocytosis in macrophages, to chemoattract neutrophils, to increase insulin resistance and to induce fever. Recombinant human TNF-α is a non-glycosylated protein, containing 158 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 17.5 kDa.
Store vial at -20° C prior to restoration. Dilute only prior to immediate use. Maintain sterility. This product DOES NOT contain preservative. DO NOT VORTEX. We recommend adding a carrier protein such as HSA or BSA to 0.1% (i.e. 1.0 mg/mL). For best results aliquot contents and freeze at -20° C or colder. Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing. Centrifuge vial before each opening to dislodge contents from the cap and to clarify if contents are not clear after standing at room temperature.