Fibroblast growth factor 21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF21 gene. By genomic sequence analysis, Nishimura et al. (2000) identified the FGF21 gene within the 5-prime flanking region of the FUT1 gene on chromosome 19. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FGF21 stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes but not in other cell types. This effect is additive to the activity of insulin. FGF21 treatment of adipocytes is associated with phosphorylation of FRS2, a protein linking FGF receptors to the Ras/MAP kinase pathway. FGF21 injection in ob/ob mice results in an increase in Glut1 in adipose tissue. FGF21 also protects animals from diet-induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice and lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when administered to diabetic rodents.
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成纤维细胞生长因子21是一种在人体中由FGF21基因编码的蛋白质。通过基因组序列分析,Nishimura et al.(2000)在19号染色体上FUT1基因的5引物侧翼区域内鉴定了FGF21基因。该基因编码的蛋白质是成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)家族的成员。FGF家族成员具有广泛的促有丝分裂和细胞存活活性,并参与多种生物学过程,包括胚胎发育、细胞生长、形态发生、组织修复、肿瘤生长和侵袭。FGF21刺激脂肪细胞中的葡萄糖摄取,但不刺激其他类型的细胞。这种作用是胰岛素活性的附加作用。脂肪细胞的FGF21处理与FRS2的磷酸化有关,FRS2是一种连接FGF受体和Ras/MAP激酶途径的蛋白质。在ob/ob小鼠中注射FGF21导致脂肪组织中Glut1的增加。当FGF21在转基因小鼠中过表达时,FGF21还保护动物免于饮食诱导的肥胖,并且当给予糖尿病啮齿动物时,FGF21降低血糖和甘油三酯水平。